來源頭條作者:自由執(zhí)著的春風(fēng)zc有提示詞 :（動，名，形，副，代）

考點1. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 考點2. 詞形變化

名詞（數(shù)與格）

1.注意一些不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù), phenomenon→ phenomena; criterion→ criteria; ox→ oxen; datum→ data; bacterium→ bacteria; medium→ media/mediums等。

? gulf / roof / chief / serf / belief / proof / handkerchief

2.既可數(shù)有不可數(shù)的名詞：excitement, inspiration, encouragement, interest, satisfaction, delight, pleasure, fright, surprise, amazement, astonishment, shock, worry, disappointment, discouragement, success, failure, experience, embarrassment, kindness, sadness, honor, pity, comfort, joy, relief, work, pity等。

3.通常為不可數(shù)的名詞：furniture, equipment, information, advice, progress, weather, fun, housework, news, baggage/luggage等。

4.常用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：如congratulations, regards, thanks, wishes等。

有的名詞常以s結(jié)尾：belongings, manners, conditions, spirits, possessions, directions等。

有的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形：means, series, species等。

【復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)】

1) 以“可數(shù)名詞+介詞(短語)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，把前面名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。

如：father-in-law → fathers-in-law， editor- in chief → editors- in chief

2) 以“動詞 / 過去分詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，在詞尾加s。

【省略格】 在表示店鋪、教堂、診所的名稱或某人的家時,名詞所有格的后面常省略它所修飾的名詞。at the doctor’s在診所;at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。

【雙重所有格】 of+名詞’s

a friend of my brother’s,

works of Mo Yan’s，

two relatives of my mother’s

Last night, some friends of my _____ (father) come to see him.

如：grown-up → grown-ups, stand-by → stand-bys。

5.與虛擬語氣有關(guān)的名詞學(xué)習(xí)： recommendation, suggestion, advice, proposal; order, command; request; demand, requirement; desire等。

His proposal that more similar activities____ (hold) has been accepted.

? Failing to pass the driving test, she was in lows__ (spirit) now.

? You can find the____ (direct) for fixing the air-conditioner in the manual.

? The city's bright lights, theatres, and movies are great ________( attract).

? Playing the piano was one of his greatest______(satisfy).

動詞(謂語/非謂語）

1. 感官動詞學(xué)習(xí)：see, watch, notice, observe, find, look at, hear, listen to, feel,等。

see sb. / sth. do /doing /done be seen to do /doing /done

2. 使役動詞學(xué)習(xí)：make, let, have, keep, leave, get等。

have sb. /sth. do / doing / done keep sb. / sth. doing / done

leave sb. / sth. doing / done get sb. / sth. to do / done

make sb. / sth. do / done let sb. / sth. do / be done

? A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ (smoke) in the kitchen.

? The missing boys were last seen ____ (play) near the river.

? Listen! Do you hear someone (call) for help?

? To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ___________ (speak) as much as we can

? Don't leave the water____ (run) while you brush your teeth.

? It was so cold that they kept the fire ____ (burn) all night.

---Good morning, can I help you?

---I'd like to have this package ____(weigh)，madam.

The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____(hear)．

Alexander tried to get his work _______ (recognize) in the medical circles .

3.用動名詞做賓語的詞匯學(xué)習(xí) (doing / being done）

admit, acknowledge; deny; advocate; enjoy; finish; delay, postpone, put off; appreciate; avoid; consider（考慮）; escape; oppose, object to; miss; imagine; mind; resist; risk; advise, suggest, recommend; understand; forgive, excuse, pardon; dislike; mention; keep; forbid, prohibit, ban; allow, permit; practice; fancy; emphasize, etc.

prefer...to..., be used to, be accustomed to, lead to, stick to, get down to, devote...to..., look forward to, be proud of,, keep on, can’t stand, insist on, set about, be successful in, give up, burst out, prevent...from..., see to, feel like, etc.

4.常用隱性被動的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)：

表示“發(fā)生”的動詞，如：happen, come about, take place, occur, break out等（無被動態(tài)）；

表示“追溯到，起源于”的詞組，如;date from, date back (to)等（無被動態(tài)，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時）；

表示“屬于”的詞匯，如;belong to等（無被動態(tài)，無進(jìn)行時態(tài)）；

表示“剩下”的remain（無被動態(tài)），表示“用完，用盡”的run out ,give out，

表示“由...組成”的consist of（無被動態(tài)）, 表示“有…重；重…”的weigh ,

表示“（指尺寸、長短等）量度為…”的measure等（無被動態(tài)）

sb./sth. prove to be + n. / adj.

5.連系動詞學(xué)習(xí)： 1.變化類，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come 等。2.感覺類，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound 等。 3.保持類，如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay等。

6.與虛擬語氣有關(guān)的動詞學(xué)習(xí)：order, command; request, demand, require, urge; suggest, advice, recommend; desire; prefer; advocate; wish等。

7.后面常接it的動詞學(xué)習(xí)：prefer; like; love; hate; dislike; appreciate等。

8. 含情感色彩的動詞學(xué)習(xí)：excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。

? The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______(remain) now.

? ---Take this medicine 3 times a day, Mike.

---Do I have to take it? It_____(taste) so terrible.

The pond ______ (measure) about 2 meters across.

【動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)的常見命題形式】

1.固定句型中的固定時態(tài)

1) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he____ (focus）more on its culture.

2.固定短語下的固定時態(tài)

1) Up to now, the program ________ (save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

3.通過倒裝句式考查時態(tài)

1) ---Is everyone here?

---Not yet. Look, there_______(come) the rest of our guests!

4.通過詞法考查時態(tài)

1) The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______(remain) now.

5. 通過語境考查時態(tài)

1) We________(work) on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.

2) —What a mistake!

—Yes. I _______ (suggest)his doing it another way, but without success.

【固定的時間狀語】

? ago …did…

? in the past …did…

? in the past /last… …h(huán)ave(has) done…

? so far / up till now …h(huán)ave(has)done…

? since(自從) …h(huán)ave(has) done…

? the other day …did…

? by +將來時間 …will have done…

? by +過去時間 … had done

By+ 現(xiàn)在時間 …. have done

1) So far this year we ______ （see)a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.

2) With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ (discover) in the past years.

3) By this time tomorrow we _____________(repair) the machine.

【注意以下幾種常見結(jié)構(gòu)中的時態(tài)】

1)…h(huán)ad no sooner done…than…did…. （一…就…） （本句式考點：1.時態(tài) 2.倒裝）

…h(huán)ad hardly(scarcely) done…when… did…. （一…就…）

He had no sooner entered the classroom than the bell rang.

2) It is (high) time that… did / should do…. (該是做…的時候了)

3) It is the first / second…time that… have(has) done…. （這是某人第一次/第二次…做…的時候）

This is the first time we______(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.

4) By the time …do…, …will have done….

By the time… did…, … had done….

By the time he arrives there, they _______( finish) all the work.

When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ____ (hang)up, her voice had been full of life.

5) It / That /This is the + 最高級 + n. + that …h(huán)ave (has) done….

6) Sb. would rather that… did / had done…. （某人寧愿…）

7) wish that …did / had done / would do…

How I wish every family _____ (have)a large house with a beautiful garden!

8) If only …did / had done / would do…. （要是…就好了）

--- Look at these black clouds. It _______ (rain) soon

--- Sure. If only we ________ (come) out.

當(dāng)when解釋為“就在那時，恰恰就在那時”多用在下列句型中：

9) Sb. was/were doing sth. + when…did…

10) Sb. was/were about to do sth + when…did…

11) Sb.…h(huán)ad done … when…did…

12)……as if/though +主語 +did/would do/had done…好像……

Alan talked about Rome as if he______(visit) there. But in fact he hasn’t yet.

動詞作謂語考慮3個方面：時態(tài)；語態(tài)；主謂一致性。

【動詞作非謂語動詞的常見考點】

【兩詞一結(jié)構(gòu)】

With sb./ sth. to do （之后，通常不用被動形式）

doing （同時+主動/ 之前+被動）

done （之前+被動）

該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中主要作后置定語;伴隨狀況或原因狀語等。

John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________(finish), he gladly accepted it.

With no rain for three months and food supplies ______(run) out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.

【后置定語的六種場合】

1)之后+主動：to do 2)之后+被動：to be done

3)同時+主動： doing 4)同時+被動：being done

5)之前+主動：doing 6)之前+被動：done

With the government’s aid, those ______ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.

(之前+被動：done)

Listen! The song ______(sing) is very popular with the students. (同時+被動：being done)

His first book_____(publish) next month is based on a true story. （之后+被動：to be done ）

【非謂語做狀語】

1.不定式做狀語，通常考查其作目的、結(jié)果或原因：

_____(make)it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.

He hurried to the booking office only______(tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.

We were astonished _______ (find) the temple still in its original condition.

2分詞做狀語，通常考查其作時間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨、讓步、方式等

____ (bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.

Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _______(turn)the old town into a dreamland.

形容詞與副詞（級別，句式）

1. 與介詞或副詞搭配的形容詞學(xué)習(xí)。

2. 具有兩種形式的副詞學(xué)習(xí)：

? hard 努力地 ｜ hardly 幾乎不

? free 免費｜ freely 自由地

? late 遲地｜lately 近來

? close 近地 ｜ closely 仔細(xì)地，密切地

? high 高地 ｜ highly高度地

? wide 寬地 ｜widely 廣泛地

? deep 深地 ｜deeply 深深地

3.與虛擬語氣有關(guān)的形容詞學(xué)習(xí)：necessary, important, natural, surprising, strange, desirable等。

It is necessary that a college student _____ (master) at least a foreign language.

句式：

1) …..more A than B

例題：-----George is a wise person.

-----But in my opinion, he is ______brave than wise.

2)…否定詞 + 比較級… 表示“沒有比…更…的人/物”

例題：-----Did you have a good sleep last night?

----Yes, never sleep _______(well).

3) cannot ( never) ……too +adj. (adv. ) / adj. (adv.) + enough “越……越好”“非常”

We can’t emphasize reading too much.

形容詞作狀語：一般作原因狀語和伴隨性狀語

He went home, very happy.(他回家了，回家時很高興)伴隨性狀語.

They came back home at night, tired and hungry.

Tom sat____ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.

有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評述性狀語。如：

Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the man.

Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.

Luckily, he was not hurt in the accident.

代詞（it作形式主語/賓語,替代詞）

1) 動詞think, believe, make, find, consider, feel后面常接it作形式賓語。

He didn’t make ____clear when and where the meeting would be held.

Young man, if you hurry up, I think____ quite likely that you will catch the next train.

2)替代詞

it that the one one

them/they those the ones ones

使用這些指示代詞時要抓住所要替換的名詞的四個特征：

1) 同名同物/同名異物 2）特指/泛指 3）單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù) 4）可數(shù)/不可數(shù)

Talking about buying computers, I prefer a computer less than 8,000 yuan to ______ over the amount.

Little joy can equal ________ of a surprising ending when you read stories.

無提示詞

（介詞，連詞，冠詞）

▼while 而… （表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對比）

In a horse-racing sport, it is common that the only active participants are the horses and the riders, ______ everyone else watches.

▼as“隨著”

As she grew older, she became wiser.

As time goes by, … = with time going by, ……

▼unless 如果不, 除非= if not

We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight

注意：unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句必須為肯定形式。

You can never achieve success unless you don’t work hard.（改錯）

▼as(so) long as 只要

We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.

▼in case 假使, 萬一（條件）；以防（目的）

The plane cannot take off in case it rains.

注意語序的變化：

▼as 盡管 as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，句子通常倒裝。

Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.

Child as he was, he knew much about computer science.

Try as he might, he will fail again.

Hard as she thought, she still had no idea.

▼no matter (what, when, where, how…) 無論（什么，何時，何地，怎樣）。特別注意no matter how引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，no matter how后面需接形容詞或副詞。

He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him

I will find you no matter where you hide.

▼wh- / how ever無論（什么，何時，何地，怎樣）。特別注意however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句， however后面需接形容詞或副詞。

He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.

▼ While盡管（置于主句之前）

While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.

▼在定語從句中case, point, situation, stage（階段）, point（程度，地步）, activity, position, experience, job,等做先行詞時，屬于模糊化的詞語，我們稱之為抽象地點充當(dāng)先行詞。

.—What do you think of teaching, Bob?

—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ______ you are doing something serious but interesting.

▼whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句。

That’s the new machine _____ parts are too small to be seen. (machine和 parts為所屬關(guān)系;whose 緊跟

名詞parts)

▼ as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 As is known to sb. / As is reported / As is often the case / As is mentioned above.